About
Arc is an open Layer-1 blockchain developed by Circle and purpose-built for stablecoin-native finance, using USDC as the native gas token for low, predictable fees. It features Malachite BFT consensus with sub-second finality, full EVM compatibility, a built-in FX engine, instant settlement, and opt-in privacy. Arc entered public testnet in 2025 with a 2026 mainnet target and participation from institutions including Visa, BlackRock, and Coinbase.
Stablecoins
Key products
Chains
Related companies
Crypto.com
Exchange, card issuer and Cronos chain operator
Crypto.com is a large consumer crypto exchange and card program operator. Its 2025 roadmap included launching its own stablecoin and filing for a Cronos ETF. It operates the Cronos chain and a widely used crypto Visa card program, making it a major stablecoin spending and trading venue.
Dunamu (Upbit)
Operator of Upbit, Korea's largest crypto exchange
Dunamu Inc. operates Upbit, South Korea's largest cryptocurrency exchange, and is a central player in the country's emerging won-stablecoin race. Dunamu has partnered with Naver Pay to develop a Korean won-pegged stablecoin and has confirmed plans to collaborate with Hana Bank on won-backed stablecoins. The company has drawn strategic investment from Samsung units and Hana Bank, and is being integrated with Naver's fintech arm.
XRP Ledger
Payments-focused L1 and home of RLUSD
The XRP Ledger (XRPL) is a payments-optimized Layer-1 maintained by the Ripple ecosystem, offering fast, low-cost settlement and built-in DEX features. It is the issuance home of Ripple's RLUSD stablecoin and is supported as a settlement network by Mastercard, positioning it for institutional cross-border and stablecoin payments.
1Money Network
Purpose-built L1 dedicated solely to stablecoin payments
1Money is a Layer-1 network engineered exclusively for stablecoin payments, using a patent-pending Byzantine Consistent Broadcast (BCB) consensus that delivers sub-second, instant-finality transfers, industry-low fees, and built-in compliance. It emerged from stealth in early 2025 with over $20M in funding and a team from Circle, Ripple, Binance, Uber, and Meta, launching a public testnet in August 2025 with mainnet targeted for late 2025.
A7A5
Sanctioned ruble stablecoin powering Russia's shadow crypto economy
Ruble-pegged stablecoin launched in January 2025 by Kyrgyzstan-registered Old Vector LLC, claimed to be backed 1:1 by ruble deposits at sanctioned Russian state defense bank Promsvyazbank and created for the A7 cross-border settlement network of sanctioned Moldovan fugitive Ilan Shor. Circulating on Ethereum and Tron, it became the primary settlement asset of Grinex, successor to the seized exchange Garantex, processing roughly $93 billion in its first year. A7A5 is a sanctioned asset: the UK sanctioned A7A5 developer A7 LLC in May 2025 and issuer Old Vector and Grinex on 20 August 2025, US OFAC designated Old Vector, Grinex, and the A7 network on 14 August 2025, and the EU's 19th sanctions package (23 October 2025) imposed an outright ban on all A7A5 transactions, effective 25 November 2025.
Abstract
Consumer crypto L2 from Pudgy Penguins' creators
Abstract is a consumer-focused Ethereum Layer 2 ZK-rollup built with the ZK Stack by Igloo Inc., the company behind the Pudgy Penguins NFT brand. It emphasizes seamless onboarding via the Abstract Global Wallet (passkey-based, gasless account abstraction) and supports stablecoins such as USDC for consumer payments and DeFi.